Apodora papuana
Scientific Name: Apodora papuana
Common Names: Papuan Python, Papuan Olive Python
Taxonomy
Apodora papuana is a member of the family Pythonidae. It is the sole species within the genus Apodora, highlighting its unique taxonomic position.
Initially, it was classified under the genus Liasis, but subsequent studies revealed distinct morphological and genetic differences, warranting its reclassification to Apodora papuana (Wallach et al. 2014, Barker et al. 2015, and Esquerré et al. 2020). The species exhibits considerable variation in size and coloration, which contributes to its distinct identity within the python family.
Description
Apodora papuana, also known as the Papuan Python, is the longest snake species indigenous to New Guinea. The longest reported individual in captivity measured 5.13 m (16’10”), and the longest reported wild specimen was 4.78 m (15’8″). In captivity, most individuals stay around 4 m (13′) if fed appropriately. They grow very slowly, so individuals of this size will typically be around 10 years old or older.
Despite being a large snake, they are very slender and athletic. Their head structure is compact and unique, almost resembling a bulldog. Their mouth is jet black, similar to that of black mambas. Their coloration is dark olive green, fading on the sides into light green. Depending on the climate and time of year, they can even change color slightly, being either darker or lighter. When outside in the sun, they often exhibit a yellowish tint on their sides and a beautiful iridescent glow.
The species has only been bred in captivity a few times; therefore, most animals in the hobby are wild-caught specimens.
It takes time for these wild-caught animals to settle in captivity. Initially, they are nervous and extremely aware of their surroundings. Some individuals can be cage defensive and may strike, though typically with a closed mouth as a “warning strike.” This behavior wears off over time as they feel more secure. Once settled, they are very docile, thrive in captivity, and are easy to keep.
In all my time keeping Apodora papuana, I have never had an individual strike when outside of their cage, whether it be a newly imported or long-time captive. Generally, they have a very calm demeanor and are very curious and aware.
When taken out of their cage, they will coil around you or anything else nearby. This must not be mistaken for aggressive behavior—they are simply trying to hold on and are very strong animals.
Apodora papuana is one of, if not the most powerful snake in the world relative to its size. Combined with being a ferocious feeder, these gentle giants do not have many enemies in the wild. They are not typical prey like many smaller species. I believe that is why they are so calm and docile by nature.
In the wild, they will happily feed on possums, wallabies, birds, lizards, and even other snakes.
Distribution
Apodora papuana is primarily distributed across the lowland regions of New Guinea, usually below 300 m (984’) but with a few exceptions reported as high as 1500 m (4,921’). This distribution includes both Papua New Guinea and the Indonesian province of Papua. The species is also found on several nearby islands like Misool, Biak, Mansuar, Waigeo, Dolok, Karkar Island, and Fergusson Island in the D’Entrecasteaux Islands, reflecting its adaptability to diverse environments. Most individuals in captivity are from the Doberai Peninsula.
Typically inhabiting tropical rainforests, wetlands, savannah-woodlands, and open savannas, Apodora papuana thrives in high-humidity areas with abundant water sources such as rivers and swamps. Its presence across varied ecosystems showcases its ecological versatility, enabling it to occupy both terrestrial and arboreal niches within its geographical range.
Captive Care
In general, Apodora papuana adapts very well to captivity and, when kept properly, make great hobby animals.
Cage Size
Being a large species, the more space you can offer them, the better. I suggest a minimum cage size of 180x70x50 cm (5’11″x2’4″x1’8″) for an adult individual. Always keep them separated, as females are notoriously known for eating males.
Substrate
I use cypress mulch, as it maintains humidity without molding or rotting. It is also easy to spot clean.
Humidity
I maintain my animals at approximately 60% humidity, but it’s advisable to increase the humidity by misting the enclosure during shedding to ensure a better shedding process.
Heating
I use infrared heat panels as the heat source. The heat spot is kept at around 29°C (84.2°F), while the cooler end of the cage is kept at 26°C (78.8°F). Even with these temperatures, you will rarely see them bask. They typically lie in their hide at the cool end, with their head out.
Cycle
Heat and light are on for 10 hours a day year-round. In the evening and night, their heat is controlled by the ambient temperature, fluctuating depending on the seasons.
From November to around March, I provide a cooling period without food. During this time, nighttime temperatures can drop to 19°C (66.2°F) on the coldest nights. They seem to do extremely well with these colder temperatures.
Feeding
As ferocious feeders, they will eat almost anything offered in captivity. I mostly feed mine large rats, but occasionally offer them quails and chicken drumsticks.
Health Problems
Because most specimens in captivity are wild-caught, they will carry internal parasites like protozoans and worms, even if treated a few times by the importer. Therefore, it is extremely important to perform parasitological fecal tests at a laboratory or in cooperation with your veterinarian until you have several clean results.
I’ve had great results treating protozoans with Metronidazole and worms with Flubendazole, but always test and use the right drug for the problem.
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List: Least concern
CITES: Appendix II
Status: Apodora papuana is currently listed as “Least Concern” on the IUCN Red List. This classification indicates that the species is not at immediate risk of extinction. The Papuan Python is native to New Guinea and is notable for its adaptability to a range of habitats. Despite facing threats from habitat loss and hunting, its population remains stable due to its wide distribution and ability to thrive in various environments.
Gallery
Written by Paul Sørensen DKPythons